2024 WAEC GCE Biology Question And Answer Expo
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WAEC GCE BIOLOGY QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2024
(2a)
(i)
*Activation of chlorophyll:* This is the process by which chlorophyll molecules in the chloroplasts absorb light energy and transfer it to other molecules in the photosystem. This energy is used to initiate the electron transport chain and the synthesis of ATP and NADPH
(ii) *Photolysis of water:* This is the process by which water molecules are split into hydrogen ions and oxygen atoms by the action of light and a special enzyme called water-splitting complex. The hydrogen ions are used to reduce NADP+ to NADPH, and the oxygen atoms are released as a by-product of photosynthesis.
(iii)
*Formation of ATP:* This is the process by which the energy from the electron transport chain is used to pump hydrogen ions across the thylakoid membrane, creating a proton gradient. The hydrogen ions then flow back through a protein called ATP synthase, which uses their kinetic energy to produce ATP from ADP and phosphate.
(2b)
(i) *Large surface area:* to absorb more light
(ii) *Chlorophyll:* to absorb sunlight and transfer energy into chemicals
(iii) *Stomata:* to allow carbon dioxide to diffuse into the leaf and oxygen to diffuse out
(2c)
Tabulate
*Three important steps*
(i)Heat a plant leaf in boiling water for 30 seconds
(ii) Add the leaf to boiling ethanol in a water bath for a few minutes
(iii) Add iodine solution to the leaf
*One importance step*
(i) To kill the leaf, stopping any chemical reactions
(ii) To dissolve the chlorophyll and remove the green colour from the leaf
(iii) To react with any starch present and turn blue/black
(2cii)
(i) Starch is a more stable and reliable indicator of photosynthesis than glucose, which is quickly used up or converted into other substances by the plant.
(ii) Starch is easier to test for, as it reacts with iodine solution to produce a distinctive blue/black colour. Glucose requires more complex and expensive tests, such as Benedict's solution or glucose test strips.
(3ai)
(i)Heavy metals (e.g., lead, mercury)
(ii)Industrial chemicals
(iii)Nutrient pollutants (e.g., nitrogen, phosphorus)
(iv)Pathogens (e.g., bacteria, viruses)
(3aii)
(i)Particulate matter (PM)
(ii)Nitrogen dioxide (NO2)
(3bi)
(i)Respiratory problems (e.g., asthma, bronchitis)
(ii)Cardiovascular diseases
(iii)Damage to the ozone layer
(iv)Adverse effects on wildlife and ecosystems
(3bii)
(i)Emissions from vehicles (e.g., cars, trucks)
(ii)Industrial activities and emissions
(iii)Agricultural practices (e.g., burning of crop residues)
(iv)Deforestation and biomass burning
(3c)
(i)Water pollution:
(i)Implementing stricter regulations and enforcement for industrial discharge and wastewater treatment
(ii)Promoting sustainable agricultural practices to minimize chemical runoff into water bodies
(ii) Industrial pollution:
(i) Investing in cleaner production technologies and processes to reduce emissions and waste generation
(ii) Implementing recycling and reuse programs to minimize the generation of industrial waste and pollutants.
(3d)
Reducing refers to the process of adding electrons or hydrogen ions to a molecule, resulting in a decrease in the oxidation state of the molecule.
(4a) Population dominance refers to the condition where one or a few species within an ecosystem have a significantly higher abundance or biomass compared to others, exerting a substantial influence on the ecosystem dynamics.
(4b)
(4bi) Primary production in an ecosystem refers to the synthesis of organic compounds by autotrophic organisms, mainly plants, through photosynthesis.
(4bii) The primary source of energy in an ecosystem is sunlight, which is captured by autotrophic organisms during photosynthesis and then transferred through the food web.
(4biii)
PICK ANY THREE
(1) Photosynthesis: Carbon is a key element in the formation of organic compounds during photosynthesis.
(2) Respiration: Carbon is released during the process of respiration, providing energy for living organisms.
(3) Biomolecules: Carbon is a fundamental building block of essential biomolecules such as carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids.
(4) Carbon Cycle: Carbon plays a crucial role in the global carbon cycle, cycling between the atmosphere, oceans, soil, and living organisms.
(5) Climate Regulation: Carbon dioxide, a form of carbon, contributes to the greenhouse effect, regulating Earth’s temperature and climate.
FAQ
What should I read in biology for Waec?
Below are the list of what you should
read in biology for Waec gce 2024:
- Concept of Living: This section covers the basic characteristics of
living things, such as the ability to grow, reproduce, and respond to stimuli.
- Classification: This section covers the different ways in which
living things can be classified, such as by kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species.
- Living and non-living things: This section covers the differences between living
and non-living things.
- Classification of living things
into Kingdoms: This section covers the five kingdoms of living
things: Animalia, Plantae, Fungi, Protista, and Monera.
- Differences between plants and
animals: This section covers the key differences between
plants and animals, such as their cell structure, nutrition, and reproduction.
- Organization of life: This section covers the different levels of
organization of life, from cells to tissues to organs to organ systems to
organisms to populations to communities to ecosystems to biomes.
- Levels of organization: This section covers the different levels of
organization of life, from atoms to molecules to cells to tissues to organs
to organ systems to organisms to populations to communities to ecosystems
to biomes.
- Cell: This section covers the structure and function of
cells, including the different organelles and their roles.
- Cell structure and functions of
cell components: This section covers the structure and function of the
different parts of a cell, such as the nucleus, cell membrane, cytoplasm, and organelles.
- Similarities and differences
between plant and animal cells: This section covers the similarities and differences
between plant and animal cells, such as the presence of a cell wall in plant cells
and the absence of chloroplasts in animal cells.
- The Cell and its environment: This section covers the relationship between cells
and their environment, including the processes of diffusion, osmosis, and active transport.
- Physical and biophysical
processes diffusion osmosis active transport: This section covers the physical and biophysical
processes that cells use to move substances across the cell membrane, such as diffusion, osmosis, and active transport.
- Properties and functions of the
living cell: This section covers the properties and functions of
living cells, such as the ability to grow, reproduce, and respond to stimuli.
- Nutrition: This section covers the different ways in which
organisms obtain nutrients, such as photosynthesis and heterotrophy.
- Autotrophic (photosynthesis)
Heterotrophic (holozoic): This section covers the two main types of nutrition: autotrophic (photosynthesis)
and heterotrophic (holozoic).
- Cellular respiration: This section covers the process of cellular
respiration, which is how cells break down glucose to release
energy.
- Aerobic respiration anaerobic
respiration energy release: This section covers the two types of cellular
respiration: aerobic respiration and anaerobic respiration.
- Excretion: This section covers the process of excretion, which is how organisms remove
waste products from their bodies.
- Excretion in single-celled aquatic organisms.
Diffusion by body surface and by the contractile vacuole Waste products of
metabolism: This section covers how single-celled aquatic
organisms excrete waste products.
- Growth: This section covers the process of growth, which is how organisms
increase in size and complexity.
- Basis of growth: cell division (mitosis), enlargement,
and differentiation. Aspects of growth: increase in dry weight,
irreversible increase in size and length, and increase in the number of cells.: This section covers the basis of growth and the
different aspects of growth.
- Regions of the fastest growth
in plants Influence of growth hormones and auxins Growth curvatures
(Tropisms): This section covers the regions of fastest growth in
plants, the influence of growth hormones and auxins, and growth curvatures.
- Development: Enlargement and
differentiation: This section covers the processes of enlargement and
differentiation, which are two important aspects of development.
- Movement: This section covers the different ways in which
organisms can move.
- Organelles for movement: cilia
and flagella Cyclosis: This section covers the organelles that are used for
movement, such as cilia and flagella, and the process of cyclosis.
- Reproduction: This section covers the different ways in which
organisms can reproduce.
- Types of reproduction. Asexual: fission, budding and
vegetative propagation Sexual: Conjugation, formation of male and female
gametes (gametogenesis), fusion of gametes fertilization): This section covers the different types of
reproduction, including asexual reproduction and sexual
reproduction.
- Tissues and supporting systems: This section covers the different types of tissues
and supporting systems in plants and animals.
- Skeletons and supporting systems in animals: This section covers the different types of skeletons.
How many times is GCE written in a year?
WAEC GCE is written twice in a year, (January/February and November December
How to get waec gce biology expo 2024?
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